Vesicoureteral Reflux in Dogs

Abstract

SUMMARY The prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux in 140 dogs was 38.6%. Reflux was not detected in 4 newborn pups but was present in 79, 27, and 10% of 3-month-old pups, young adults, and dogs 7 years or older, respectively. Bilateral reflux was most common (65%), then left-side reflux (22%), and right-side reflux (13%). Reflux can be primary or secondary, Primary reflux occurs in an otherwise normal urinary tract. It is a transient phenomenon and is related to growth and maturation of the ureterovesical junction. Secondary reflux can follow cystitis, bladder neck obstruction, or neurogenic bladder disease. Most cases of reflux can be detected by cystourethrography in a lightly anesthetized patient. Reflux by itself is not a serious clinical entity but it is potentially hazardous. Uncomplicated reflux results in dilatation of the ureteral lumen and hypertrophy of the ureteral smooth muscle, but if the urine is contaminated with bacteria, repeated episodes of pyelonephritis can occur. It is of the utmost importance, therefore, to treat lower urinary tract infection quickly and efficiently.