Spatio-temporal variability of CO and O<sub>3</sub> in Hyderabad (17°N, 78°E), central India, based on MOZAIC and TES observations and WRF-Chem and MOZART-4 models

Abstract

This article is based on the study of the seasonal and interannual variability of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) at different altitudes of the troposphere over Hyderabad, India, during 2006–2010 using Measurement of OZone and water vapour by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) and observation from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard NASA's Aura satellite. The MOZAIC observations show maximum seasonal variability in both CO and O3 during winter and pre-monsoon season, with CO in the range (100–200)±13 ppbv and O3 in the range (50–70)±9 ppbv. The time-series of MOZAIC data shows a significant increase of 4.2±1.3 % in the surface CO and 6.7±1.3 % in the surface O3 during 2006–2010 in Hyderabad. From MOZAIC observations, we identify CO and O3 profiles that are anomalous with respect to the monthly mean and compare those with Weather Research Forecast model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and Model for OZone and Related Tracers, version 4 profiles for the same day. The anomalous profiles of WRF-Chem are simulated using three convection schemes. The goodness of comparison depends on the convection scheme and the altitude region of the troposphere.