Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy · 2016 · 20 citations · 20 references
Natural SciencesChemical EngineeringChemistryCatalysisMineral ProcessingReaction EngineeringBiofuel ProductionBiomass ConversionCatalyst PreparationCatalytic Reaction EngineeringIndustrial Catalytic ProcessesRenewable FeedstocksBiodieselBiodiesel ProductionBiomass CharacterizationCatalyst MechanismsFourier Transform Infrared SpectroscopyRenewable Feedstock ConversionTransesterificationTransesterification Reactions
Natural lime stones were calcined in a muffle furnace at 1000°C for 4 h to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) and tested as a solid catalyst for biodiesel production via transesterification of non‐edible pongamia oil. Limestone based CaO catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Braunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) techniques. The effect of transesterification process parameters such as amount of catalyst, methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature on biodiesel conversion were investigated. A maximum biodiesel conversion of 97.28% was observed at a methanol to oil ratio of 15:1, catalyst amount of 12 wt %, reaction time of 3 h and reaction temperature of 65°C. The structure of the biodiesel was characterized by FTIR and biodiesel conversion was determined by 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR). © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1758–1764, 2016
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Kinetics of biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil over CaO heterogeneous catalyst
Dj. Vujicic, D. Comic, Aleksandra Zarubica et al. · Fuel · 2009 · 232 citations