Evaluation of the stimulatory activity of a fermented mistletoe lectin-1 free mistletoe extract on T-helper cells and monocytes in healthy individuals in vitro.

Abstract

Previously, a strong stimulatory response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to a fermented mistletoe extract (Iscador Pini, i.p.) could be observed in normal and allergic individuals. Aim of this study was therefore to analyse the cell subtypes involved in this in vitro reactivity. PBMC from 11 non-mistletoe treated healthy and allergic individuals were therefore investigated. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that this mistletoe extract stimulated T-cells (CD3+), especially T-helper cells (CD4+), as well as monocytes at concentrations of 100 or 1,000 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, an increased proportion of T- and T-helper cells expressing the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25) and monocytes expressing HLA-DR molecules, respectively, could be demonstrated. There was no evidence for a major involvement of B- (CD19+), natural killer- (NK-; CD56+) and T-suppressor cells/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+). To get more insights whether the T-cell proliferation induced by i.p. was the consequence of a primary or a secondary type of immune response, kinetic studies (n = 5) were performed hereby comparing the reactivity of the non-recall antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as well as the recall antigen purified protein derivative (PPD) derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with that of i.p. I.p. at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml always exhibited the kinetics of a primary immune reaction. These findings were further substantiated by additional flow cytometric studies analysing changes in the proportions of naive (CD45RA+) and memory/effector cells (CD45RO+) during the exposure to i.p. It could be shown that the proportion of naive cells decreased and that of the transition stage increased, which could indicate that there was a change towards memory/effector cells. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that i.p.-related antigens act like "non-recall"-antigens, and the in vitro immune response involves T-cells as well as monocytes.