Neurotoxic effects of insecticides--current and future research: a review.

Abstract

The clinical manifestations and mechanism of acute effects of organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides on the central and peripheral nervous systems are reviewed. The controversies of persistent effects following acute pesticide poisoning and the effects of long-term low level pesticide exposure are discussed. Based on the current issues of insecticide neurotoxicity, future research needs are recommended.