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P2Y receptors: biological advances and therapeutic opportunities.
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2001
Year
P2 FamilyPharmacotherapyCellular PhysiologyMolecular PharmacologyCell SignalingMolecular PhysiologyBiochemistryG Protein-coupled ReceptorP2y FamilyMechanism Of ActionReceptor (Biochemistry)Ion ChannelsNeuropharmacologyPharmacologySignal TransductionFunctional SelectivityP2y ReceptorsPhysiologyMedicine
The P2 family of membrane-bound receptors is activated by naturally occurring nucleotides. When activated, these widely distributed receptors elicit cellular signaling which mediate multiple tissue-specific effects throughout the body. P2X receptors are ligand-gated ionotropic channels, while P2Y receptors belong to the superfamily of metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors. To date, there are six human cloned and functionally characterized subtypes of the P2Y family: P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11 and P2Y12. There exists enough agonist specificity between receptor subtypes to allow functional identification of newly found putative receptors. There are few specific antagonists of the P2Y receptors.