Visceral pleural invasion in lung adenocarcinoma ≤3 cm with ground-glass opacity: a clinical, pathological and radiological study

Abstract

Although VPI was visible in both pure/mix GGNs, it was more common in larger (>2 cm) GGNs. The radiographic findings of nodule abutment or a pleural tag did not reliably predict or exclude VPI. In patients with GGNs, a low rate of PL2 invasion may be observed.