Differential Rates of Psychopathology Symptoms in Periodic Limb Movement Disorder, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Psychophysiological Insomnia, and Insomnia with Psychiatric Disorder

Abstract

Irrespective of age, obesity, and daytime sleepiness, patients with untreated PLM or IPD are more likely to experience clinically significant psychological difficulties than those with either OSA or PI. These differences are most likely to be manifested in terms of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms (tension, worry, guilt), social alienation, and diminished mental concentration. Finally, PLM may be associated with greater MMPI elevations than previously suspected, and agree with earlier clinical reports of high rates of psychiatric treatment in PLM.