Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous tramadol, intravenous fentanyl, epidural tramadol and epidural ropivacaine+fentanyl combination.

Abstract

Although adequate pain relief was achieved with all regimens that were used in the study, intravenous tramadol and intravenous fentanyl are associated with a high incidence of nausea and vomiting.