MedicineOphthalmologySurgeryOcular DiseaseOcular TraumaOphthalmic SurgeryBacterial Eye InfectionsInfectious Eye DiseaseParasitic Eye InfectionsPostoperative Ocular InfectionsAcute Inflammatory ResponseBacterial EndophthalmitisIntravitreal Antibiotic TherapyParasitic EndophthalmitisPost-traumatic EndophthalmitisPost-traumatic Eye InfectionsPostoperative EndophthalmitisPostoperative Visual Outcome Assessment
Endophthalmitis, one of the most challenging ocular diseases, is also among the most variable in terms of visual outcome: some eyes retain useful reading vision and some are lost. Endophthalmitis is an inflammatory response to bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral invasion of the eye. Bacterial endophthalmitis is a disastrous complication of any intraocular surgery or antecedent trauma. Patient symptoms indicative of endophthalmitis include ocular pain, diminished vision, and headache, with associated drowsiness. Bleb-associated endophthalmitis is a special case of acute postoperative endophthalmitis that occurs any time following filtration surgery and is a significant cause of visual morbidity. Eyes with traumatic endophthalmitis present with symptoms similar to eyes with acute postoperative infections: they are often intensely red and painful. Eyes receiving intravitreal therapeutic agents such as triamcinolone acetonide or pegaptanib need to have strict adherence to intravitreal injection guidelines to prevent postinjection endophthalmitis.