Heavy metals in tissues of cattle exposed to sludge-treated pastures for eight years

Abstract

Cattle allowed to graze pastures variously treated with anaerobically digested sludge (ADS) for up to 8 years, contained higher concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds in some tissues than did cattle not exposed to ADS. Chemical analyses were made on heart, diaphragm, liver, kidney, brain, and bone to determine the amount of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Hg. Determinations for organic compounds (polychlorinated-biphenyls, dieldrin, and heptachlor/epoxide) were made on visceral fat. Cadmium was the only metal to accumulate consistently in increased amounts. Amounts of Cd accumulated in kidneys and livers were higher in cattle exposed to ADS than in cattle not exposed to ADS. Although the amounts were higher in cattle exposed to ADS, none of the cattle had detectable evidence of disease or pathologic conditions. The mean amount of Cd in kidneys of cattle exposed to ADS was 44 vs 9 mg/kg dry weight. Amounts of other heavy metals in the body tissues were generally not unusual and were similar in both groups of cattle. Polychlorinated-biphenyl concentrations were higher in the visceral fat of cattle exposed to ADS. All cattle in both herds remained healthy, and pathologic changes that could be attributed to association with ADS were not detected. Seemingly, ADS can be used safely to produce cattle forage without endangering the health of cattle.