Methodological comparison of marginal structural model, time‐varying Cox regression, and propensity score methods: the example of antidepressant use and the risk of hip fracture

Abstract

In this empirical study, differences between the different methods to control for time-dependent confounding were small. The observed differences in treatment effect estimates between the databases are likely attributable to different confounding information in the datasets, illustrating that adequate information on (time-varying) confounding is crucial to prevent bias.