A paper-based microbial fuel cell operating under continuous flow condition

TLDR

Microbial fuel cells are a viable, environmentally friendly energy source, but miniaturization and short operation duration limit their use in small devices. The study aims to design a self‑pumped paper‑based microbial fuel cell that operates continuously under capillary flow. The device uses capillary action to drive continuous flow in a 52.5 µL paper microfluidic chamber containing Shewanella oneidensis MR‑1. In a 5‑day proof‑of‑concept run, the cell produced a peak current of 52.25 µA, a power density of ~25 W m⁻³, and sustained operation without external power, with biofilm formation confirmed on the anode.

Abstract

Microbial fuel cells have gained popularity as a viable, environmentally friendly alternative for the production of energy. However, the challenges in miniaturizing the system for application in smaller devices as well as the short duration of operation have limited the application of these devices. Here, the capillary motion was employed to design a self-pumped paper-based microbial fuel cell operating under continuous flow condition. A proof-of-concept experiment ran approximately 5 days with no outside power or human interference required for the duration of operation. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was used to create a maximum current of 52.25 µA in a 52.5 µL paper-based microfluidic device. SEM images of the anode following the experiment showed biofilm formation on the carbon cloth electrode. The results showed a power density of approximately 25 W/m 3 and proved unique capabilities of the paper-based microbial fuel cells to produce energy for an extended period of time.