In situ expression and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors in patients with early stages of systemic sclerosis.

Abstract

Our data provide evidence for a central role of the TNF-alpha/TNF-R system in the early pathological events of scleroderma with prominent inflammation and endothelial cell damage. Determination of TNF-R serum levels provides a useful diagnostic tool for characterization of the disease stage and progression, and to guide experimental therapy in patients with SSc.