Veterinary MedicineBiotechnologyImmunologyImmunizationVaccine ImmunologyVaccinologyClinical Vaccine TrialsDna VaccinesNucleic Acid VaccinesVaccinationVaccine DevelopmentVaccine EffectivenessAnimal Disease ModelsDeoxyribonucleic Acid (Dna) VaccineDna Vector VaccinesPhase I Clinical TrialsTherapeutic Dna VaccinesVaccine CharacterizationVaccine Clinical Trial Design
DNA vaccines have been extensively studied in the past ten years and much is now known about their effectiveness and mode of action in animal models. Several DNA vaccines have been tested in phase I clinical trials, with mixed results. That is, DNA vaccines appear safe and well tolerated, but lack potency. This has led to the search for technologies that will enable sufficient potency for effectiveness in humans.