Oncotarget · 2016 · 62 citations · 50 references
Life SciencesDevelopmental BiologyNeuroscienceDevelopmental NeuroscienceMolecular NeuroscienceSignal TransductionCortical DevelopmentDevelopmental Signaling PathwaysGrowth Factor SignalingNeural DevelopmentNeurogenesisNeuronal DevelopmentCentral Nervous System DevelopmentCyclin-dependent Kinase RegulationEmbryonic Nervous System DevelopmentMolecular EmbryologySmad Signaling PathwaySmad-mediated Signal TransductionTransforming Growth Factor Beta RegulationTransforming Growth Factor-beta Signaling
// Riccardo Vezzali 1,2 , Stefan Christopher Weise 1,2 , Nicole Hellbach 1 , Venissa Machado 1 , Stefanie Heidrich 1 and Tanja Vogel 1 1 Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany 2 Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Correspondence to: Tanja Vogel, email: // Keywords : TGFβ; neurogenesis; transcriptional control; cerebral cortex; atypical Rett syndrome; Gerotarget Received : November 19, 2015 Accepted : May 11, 2016 Published : May 21, 2016 Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-mediated anti-proliferative and differentiating effects promote neuronal differentiation during embryonic central nervous system development. TGFβ downstream signals, composed of activated SMAD2/3, SMAD4 and a FOXO family member, promote the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn1a . In early CNS development, IGF1/PI3K signaling and the transcription factor FOXG1 inhibit FOXO- and TGFβ-mediated Cdkn1a transcription. FOXG1 prevents cell cycle exit by binding to the SMAD/FOXO-protein complex. In this study we provide further details on the FOXG1/FOXO/SMAD transcription factor network. We identified ligands of the TGFβ- and IGF-family, Foxo1 , Foxo3 and Kcnh3 as novel FOXG1-target genes during telencephalic development and showed that FOXG1 interferes with Foxo1 and Tgfβ transcription. Our data specify that FOXO1 activates Cdkn1a transcription. This process is under control of the IGF1-pathway, as Cdkn1a transcription increases when IGF1-signaling is pharmacologically inhibited. However, overexpression of CDKN1A and knockdown of Foxo1 and Foxo3 is not sufficient for neuronal differentiation, which is probably instructed by TGFβ-signaling. In mature neurons, FOXG1 activates transcription of the seizure-related Kcnh3 , which might be a FOXG1-target gene involved in the FOXG1 syndrome pathology.
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Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing.
PubMed · 1997 · 66.6K citations