Pyelovenous Lymphatic Migration of Transitional Cell Carcinoma Following Flexible Ureterorenoscopy

Abstract

Ureterorenoscopy has enhanced the diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract disorders. However, the irrigation necessary for visualization and distention of the lumen may increase renal pelvic pressure, resulting in pyelovenous lymphatic backflow. We report a case of renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma that may have migrated to submucosal venous and lymphatic spaces during flexible ureterorenoscopy.