The Role of the Cloacae Membrane in Exstrophy: The First Successful Experimental Study

Abstract

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Dec 1964The Role of the Cloacae Membrane in Exstrophy: The First Successful Experimental Study Edward C. Muecke Edward C. MueckeEdward C. Muecke View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)64028-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1964 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Rudin A, Rudin Y and Sokolov Y (2023) Anatomical features of the malformation, methods and results of bladder exstrophy primary closure. Literature reviewAndrology and Genital Surgery, 10.17650/2070-9781-2022-23-4-55-63, VOL. 23, NO. 4, (55-63) Gandhi R and Saha U (2023) Exstrophy Bladder or Ectopia Vesicae Clinical Anesthesia for the Newborn and the Neonate, 10.1007/978-981-19-5458-0_41, (807-814), . Wu W and Gearhart J (2023) Bladder Exstrophy Pediatric Surgery, 10.1007/978-3-030-81488-5_96, (1347-1357), . Taher H, Elboraie A, Fares A, Tawfiq S, Elbarbary M and Abdullateef K (2022) Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in bladder exstrophy, a new modified solution to an old problem: A cohort studyInternational Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107252, VOL. 95, (107252), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022. Cho P and Cendron M (2022) Male Epispadias, Genitourinary Implications Pediatric Surgery, 10.1007/978-3-642-38482-0_192-1, (1-19), . Fernandez N and Fakih N (2021) Urologic Neonatal Emergencies A Clinical Guide to Urologic Emergencies, 10.1002/9781119021506.ch18, (245-269), Online publication date: 6-Aug-2021. Kumar N, Chatur C, Balani A, Bisharat M, Tahir Z, Johal N, Sudhakar S, Cuckow P, Thompson D and Mankad K Patterns of spinal cord malformation in cloacal exstrophyJournal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 10.3171/2021.1.PEDS20648, (1-8) Lee T, Vasquez E, Logvinenko T, Venna A, Frazier J, Lingongo M, Roth E, Weiss D, Groth T, Shukla A, Kryger J, Canning D, Mitchell M and Borer J (2021) Timing of inguinal hernia following complete primary repair of bladder exstrophyJournal of Pediatric Urology, 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.11.025, VOL. 17, NO. 1, (87.e1-87.e6), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021. Cao K, Milmoe N, Cuckow P, Olsen L, Johal N, Douglas Winyard P, Long D and Fry C (2021) Antenatal biological models in the characterization and research of congenital lower urinary tract disordersJournal of Pediatric Urology, 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.11.022, VOL. 17, NO. 1, (21-29), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021. Cai B and Guan Y (2021) Case Report: Recurrent Placental Abruption During Pregnancy in a Patient With PseudoexstrophyFrontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2021.619322, VOL. 8 Shamseer C M, Pandiyan A, Rao P A, Shafeekh M and Theruvil B (2021)(2021) Pubic Diastasis in Polytrauma Patients: Traumatic or Congenital?JBJS Case Connector, 10.2106/JBJS.CC.20.00835, VOL. 11, NO. 3 Hall S, Manyevitch R, Mistry P, Wu W and Gearhart J (2021) New Insights on the Basic Science of Bladder Exstrophy-epispadias ComplexUrology, 10.1016/j.urology.2020.10.004, VOL. 147, (256-263), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021. Pathak P, Ring J, Delfino K, Dynda D and Mathews R (2020) Complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy: a systematic reviewJournal of Pediatric Urology, 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.01.004, VOL. 16, NO. 2, (149-153), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2020. Lee J, Pang D and Wang K (2020) Caudal Agenesis and Associated Spinal Cord Malformations Textbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 10.1007/978-3-319-72168-2_119, (2557-2575), . Dunn E, Kasprenski M, Facciola J, Benz K, Maruf M, Zaman M, Gearhart J, Di Carlo H and Tekes A (2019) Anatomy of Classic Bladder Exstrophy: MRI Findings and Surgical CorrelationCurrent Urology Reports, 10.1007/s11934-019-0916-2, VOL. 20, NO. 9, Online publication date: 1-Sep-2019. Mikuz G (2018) Ectopias of the kidney, urinary tract organs, and male genitaliaEktopien der Niere, Harnwege und männlichen GeschlechtsorganeDer Pathologe, 10.1007/s00292-018-0505-z, VOL. 40, NO. S1, (1-8), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2019. Tarcă E, Gavrilescu S, Ivanov A, Roşu T and Butnariu L (2019) Bladder extrophy, a rare abnormality with a profound impact on the pediatric patient and the future adult – clinico-epidemiological aspectsPediatru.ro, 10.26416/Pedi.56.4.2019.2794, VOL. 4, NO. 56, (36), . Antomarchi J, Moeglin D, Laurichesse H, Combourieu D, Bigi N, Maisonneuve E, Legac P, Althuser M, Delotte J, Jouannic J and Bongain A (2018) The Pubic Diastasis Measurement, a Key Element for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of the Bladder ExstrophyFetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 10.1159/000492817, VOL. 45, NO. 6, (435-440), . de Sallmard G, Alhadeedi O, Demède D and Mouriquand P (2019) The Bladder Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (BEEC) Neonatal Surgery, 10.1007/978-3-319-93534-8_33, (441-457), . Broadis E (2019) The Bladder and Urachus Clinical Embryology, 10.1007/978-3-319-26158-4_43, (409-416), . Benz K, Dunn E, Maruf M, Facciola J, Jayman J, Kasprenski M, Michaud J, Di Carlo H and Gearhart J (2018) Novel Anatomical Observations of the Prostate, Prostatic Vasculature and Penile Vasculature in Classic Bladder Exstrophy Using Magnetic Resonance ImagingJournal of Urology, VOL. 200, NO. 6, (1354-1361), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2018. Mikuz G (2018) Ektopien der Niere, Harnwege und männlichen GeschlechtsorganeEctopias of the kidney, urinary tract organs, and male genitalia. German version.Der Pathologe, 10.1007/s00292-018-0474-2, VOL. 39, NO. 5, (415-423), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2018. Ching S, Infante C, Du W, Sharir A, Park S, Menke D and Klein O (2017) Isl1 mediates mesenchymal expansion in the developing external genitalia via regulation of Bmp4, Fgf10 and Wnt5aHuman Molecular Genetics, 10.1093/hmg/ddx388, VOL. 27, NO. 1, (107-119), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2018. Wu S, Sun J, Lv H, Zhang Y, Shang H, Zhang H and Belinson J (2018) Pregnancy in a woman with untreated bladder exstrophy: a case reportCase Reports in Women's Health, 10.1016/j.crwh.2018.02.002, VOL. 17, (11-13), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2018. Merguerian P and Rowe C (2018) Developmental Abnormalities of the Genitourinary System Avery's Diseases of the Newborn, 10.1016/B978-0-323-40139-5.00088-7, (1260-1273.e4), . Sorantin E and Abou Samaan S (2018) Epispadias-Exstrophy Complex Pediatric Urogenital Radiology, 10.1007/978-3-319-39202-8_22, (385-396), . Stuhldreher P and Gearhart J (2018) The Exstrophy Complex: Bladder and Cloacal Exstrophy Rickham's Neonatal Surgery, 10.1007/978-1-4471-4721-3_48, (909-927), . Lee J, Pang D and Wang K (2017) Caudal Agenesis and Associated Spinal Cord Malformations Textbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 10.1007/978-3-319-31512-6_119-1, (1-22), . Shepard C, Gayheart D and Joseph D (2016) Male Genitourinary System Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation, 10.1002/9781118430309.ch115, (1335-1363), Online publication date: 5-Jul-2016. E B (2016) Pre-Pubic Phalloplasty by Abdominal Wall Z-Plasty for Epispadias RepairUrology & Nephrology Open Access Journal, 10.15406/unoaj.2016.03.00068, VOL. 3, NO. 2 Rösch W and Stein R (2016) Epispadie, Blasenekstrophie Die Urologie, 10.1007/978-3-642-39940-4_184, (1891-1905), . K.V. S, Mammen A and Varma K (2015) Pathogenesis of bladder exstrophy: A new hypothesisJournal of Pediatric Urology, 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.05.030, VOL. 11, NO. 6, (314-318), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2015. Stuhldreher P, Inouye B and Gearhart J (2015) Exstrophy-Epispadias ComplexCurrent Bladder Dysfunction Reports, 10.1007/s11884-015-0306-7, VOL. 10, NO. 3, (227-232), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2015. Kenawey M, Wright J, Hopyan S, Murnaghan M, Howard A and Kelley S (2014) Can Neonatal Pelvic Osteotomies Permanently Change Pelvic Shape in Patients with Exstrophy?Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 10.2106/JBJS.M.01235, VOL. 96, NO. 16, (e137), Online publication date: 20-Aug-2014. Pierre K, Borer J, Phelps A and Chow J (2014) Bladder exstrophy: current management and postoperative imagingPediatric Radiology, 10.1007/s00247-014-2892-5, VOL. 44, NO. 7, (768-786), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2014. Tekes A, Ertan G, Solaiyappan M, Stec A, Sponseller P, Huisman T and Gearhart J (2014) 2D and 3D MRI features of classic bladder exstrophyClinical Radiology, 10.1016/j.crad.2013.12.019, VOL. 69, NO. 5, (e223-e229), Online publication date: 1-May-2014. Nyarenchi O, Scherer A, Wilson S and Fulkerson D (2013) Cloacal exstrophy with extensive Chiari II malformation: case report and review of the literatureChild's Nervous System, 10.1007/s00381-013-2195-4, VOL. 30, NO. 2, (337-343), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2014. Inouye B, Tourchi A, Di Carlo H, Young E and Gearhart J (2014) Modern Management of the Exstrophy-Epispadias ComplexSurgery Research and Practice, 10.1155/2014/587064, VOL. 2014, (1-9), . Soave A, Rink M and Fisch M (2014) Epispadie-Ekstrophie-Komplex Facharztwissen Urologie, 10.1007/978-3-642-44942-0_33, (359-362), . Rösch W and Stein R (2014) Epispadie, Blasenekstrophie Die Urologie, 10.1007/978-3-642-41168-7_184-1, (1-22), . Di Carlo H, Benson J and Gearhart J (2014) Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (Epispadias Classic Bladder Exstrophy and Cloacal Exstrophy), Prune-Belly Syndrome, and Bladder Augmentation Pediatric and Adolescent Urologic Imaging, 10.1007/978-1-4614-8654-1_19, (413-427), . Mahfuz I, Darling T, Wilkins S, White S and Cheng W (2013) New insights into the pathogenesis of bladder exstrophy–epispadias complexJournal of Pediatric Urology, 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.05.001, VOL. 9, NO. 6, (996-1005), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2013. Inouye B, Massanyi E, Di Carlo H, Shah B and Gearhart J (2013) Modern Management of Bladder Exstrophy RepairCurrent Urology Reports, 10.1007/s11934-013-0332-y, VOL. 14, NO. 4, (359-365), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2013. Jain R, Solanki B, Shekhawat S and Saini M (2013) ROLE OF IMAGING IN ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF BLADDER EXSTROPHY - EPISPADIAS COMPLEXJournal of Evolution of Medical and Dental sciences, 10.14260/jemds/824, VOL. 2, NO. 23, (4223-4228), Online publication date: 10-Jun-2013. Phillips T, Salmasi A, Stec A, Novak T, Gearhart J and Mathews R (2013) Urological outcomes in the omphalocele exstrophy imperforate anus spinal defects (OEIS) complex: Experience with 80 patientsJournal of Pediatric Urology, 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.04.017, VOL. 9, NO. 3, (353-358), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2013. Gearhart J and Mathews R (2012) Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex Campbell-Walsh Urology, 10.1016/B978-1-4160-6911-9.00124-9, (3325-3378.e5), . Woo L, Thomas J and Brock J (2012) Bladder and Cloacal Exstrophy Pediatric Surgery, 10.1016/B978-0-323-07255-7.00120-3, (1515-1529), . Stec A and Gearhart J (2011) Bladder Exstrophy Newborn Surgery 3E, 10.1201/b13478-81, (665-673), Online publication date: 25-Nov-2011. Stec A (2011) Embryology and bony and pelvic floor anatomy in the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complexSeminars in Pediatric Surgery, 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.12.011, VOL. 20, NO. 2, (66-70), Online publication date: 1-May-2011. Phillips T (2011) Spectrum of cloacal exstrophySeminars in Pediatric Surgery, 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.12.007, VOL. 20, NO. 2, (113-118), Online publication date: 1-May-2011. Wild A, Sponseller P, Stec A and Gearhart J (2011) The role of osteotomy in surgical repair of bladder exstrophySeminars in Pediatric Surgery, 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.12.002, VOL. 20, NO. 2, (71-78), Online publication date: 1-May-2011. Bawa M, Samalad V, Kanojia R and Rao K (2011) Partial umbilical exstrophy with cecal patch and intact hindgut entering a cloaca: a new variantJournal of Pediatric Surgery, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.09.041, VOL. 46, NO. 1, (244-246), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2011. Godbole P (2010) Congenital abnormalities of the lower urinary tract: rare bladder abnormalitiesSurgery (Oxford), 10.1016/j.mpsur.2010.03.004, VOL. 28, NO. 7, (357-359), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2010. Woo L, Thomas J and Brock J (2010) Cloacal exstrophy: A comprehensive review of an uncommon problemJournal of Pediatric Urology, 10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.09.011, VOL. 6, NO. 2, (102-111), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2010. Mitchell M and Grady R (2010) BLADDER AND CLOACAL EXSTROPHY Ashcraft's Pediatric Surgery, 10.1016/B978-1-4160-6127-4.00059-8, (755-774), . Purves J and Gearhart J (2010) THE BLADDER EXSTROPHY–EPISPADIAS–CLOACAL EXSTROPHY COMPLEX Pediatric Urology, 10.1016/B978-1-4160-3204-5.00030-X, (386-415), . Fisch M (2010) Epispadie-Ekstrophie-Komplex Facharztwissen Urologie, 10.1007/978-3-642-01626-4_33, (515-520), . Ebert A, Reutter H, Ludwig M and Rösch W (2009) The Exstrophy-epispadias complexOrphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 10.1186/1750-1172-4-23, VOL. 4, NO. 1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2009. Ludwig M, Ching B, Reutter H and Boyadjiev S (2009) Bladder exstrophy-epispadias complexBirth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, 10.1002/bdra.20557, VOL. 85, NO. 6, (509-522), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2009. (2009) Bibliography Hinman's Atlas Of Pediatric Urologic Surgery, 10.1016/B978-0-7216-0645-3.00176-1, (873-923), . van der Putte S, Spliet W and Nikkels P (2010) Common ("Classical") and Covered Cloacal Exstrophy: A Histopathological Study and a Reconstruction of the PathogenesisPediatric and Developmental Pathology, 10.2350/07-06-0292.1, VOL. 11, NO. 6, (430-442), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2008. Godbole P (2008) Congenital abnormalities of the lower urinary tract IISurgery (Oxford), 10.1016/j.mpsur.2008.04.001, VOL. 26, NO. 5, (210-212), Online publication date: 1-May-2008. Sorantin E Epispadias-Exstrophy Complex Pediatric Uroradiology, 10.1007/978-3-540-33005-9_9, (175-185) Wood H, Babineau D and Gearhart J (2007) In vitro fertilization and the cloacal/bladder exstrophy–epispadias complex: A continuing associationJournal of Pediatric Urology, 10.1016/j.jpurol.2006.10.007, VOL. 3, NO. 4, (305-310), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2007. Cheng W, Jacobs W, Zhang J, Moro A, Park J, Kushida M, Qiu W, Mills A and Kim P (2006) ΔNp63 plays an anti-apoptotic role in ventral bladder developmentDevelopment, 10.1242/dev.02621, VOL. 133, NO. 23, (4783-4792), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2006. Utsch B, DiFeo A, Kujat A, Karle S, Schuster V, Lenk H, Jacobs U, Müller M, Dötsch J, Rascher W, Reutter H, Martignetti J, Ludwig M and Tröbs R (2006) Bladder exstrophy and Epstein type congenital macrothrombocytopenia: Evidence for a common cause?American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 10.1002/ajmg.a.31454, VOL. 140A, NO. 20, (2251-2253), Online publication date: 15-Oct-2006. Brock J, DeMarco R and O'Neill J (2006) Bladder and Cloacal Exstrophy Pediatric Surgery, 10.1016/B978-0-323-02842-4.50121-2, (1841-1869), . Kenefick J (2005) Hereditary sacral agenesis associated with presacral tumoursBritish Journal of Surgery, 10.1002/bjs.1800600405, VOL. 60, NO. 4, (271-274), Online publication date: 7-Dec-2005. NOVAK T, LAKSHMANAN Y, FRIMBERGER D, EPSTEIN J and GEARHART J (2018) POLYPS IN THE EXSTROPHIC BLADDER. A CAUSE FOR CONCERN?Journal of Urology, VOL. 174, NO. 4 Part 2, (1522-1526), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2005. Ludwig M, Utsch B and Reutter H (2005) Genetische und molekularbiologische Aspekte des Blasenekstrophie-Epispadie-Komplexes (BEEK)Genetic and molecular biological aspects of the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC)Der Urologe, 10.1007/s00120-005-0863-z, VOL. 44, NO. 9, (1037-1044), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2005. Männer J and Kluth D (2005) The morphogenesis of the exstrophy-epispadias complex: a new concept based on observations made in early embryonic cases of cloacal exstrophyAnatomy and Embryology, 10.1007/s00429-005-0008-6, VOL. 210, NO. 1, (51-57), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2005. Siebert J, Rutledge J and Kapur R (2019) Association of Cloacal Anomalies, Caudal Duplication, and TwinningPediatric and Developmental Pathology, 10.1007/s10024-005-1157-6, VOL. 8, NO. 3, (339-354), Online publication date: 1-May-2005. CASALE P, GRADY R, WALDHAUSEN J, JOYNER B, WRIGHT J and MITCHELL M (2018) CLOACAL EXSTROPHY VARIANTS. CAN BLIGHTED CONJOINED TWINNING PLAY A ROLE?Journal of Urology, VOL. 172, NO. 3, (1103-1107), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2004. Metcalfe P and Schwarz R (2004) Bladder ExstrophyJournal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, 10.1097/00152192-200409000-00011, VOL. 31, NO. 5, (284-292), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2004. Bajpai M, Das K and Gupta A (2004) Caudal duplication syndrome: more evidence for theory of caudal twinningJournal of Pediatric Surgery, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2003.10.018, VOL. 39, NO. 2, (223-225), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2004. Lechuga Sancho A, Hernández Serrano R, González Casado I and Gracia Bouthelier R (2004) Recién nacido con extrofia vesical y posible exposición intrauterina a finasteridaAnales de Pediatría, 10.1016/S1695-4033(04)78429-5, VOL. 61, NO. 5, (451-453), . Reutter H, Shapiro E and Gruen J (2003) Seven new cases of familial isolated bladder exstrophy and epispadias complex (BEEC) and review of the literatureAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics, 10.1002/ajmg.a.20057, VOL. 120A, NO. 2, (215-221), Online publication date: 15-Jul-2003. Shanske A, Pande S, Aref K, Vega-Rich C, Brion L, Reznik S and Timor-Tritsch I (2003) Omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) in triplet pregnancy after IVF and CVSBirth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, 10.1002/bdra.10058, VOL. 67, NO. 6, (467-471), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2003. Tubbs R, Smyth M and Oakes W (2003) Chiari I malformation and cloacal exstrophy: Report of a patient with both defects of blastogenesisAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics, 10.1002/ajmg.a.10206, VOL. 119A, NO. 2, (231-233), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2003. Männer J and Kluth D (2003) A chicken model to study the embryology of cloacal exstrophyJournal of Pediatric Surgery, 10.1016/jpsu.2003.50181, VOL. 38, NO. 5, (678-681), Online publication date: 1-May-2003. WOOD H, TROCK B and GEARHART J (2018) In Vitro Fertilization and the Cloacal-Bladder Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex: Is there an Association?Journal of Urology, VOL. 169, NO. 4, (1512-1515), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2003. Seseke F (2003) Clinical Aspects of Paediatric Urology Imaging in Paediatric Urology, 10.1007/978-3-642-55785-9_1, (1-67), . ANSELL J (2002) Surgical Treatment of Exstrophy of The Bladder With Emphasis on Neonatal Primary Closure: Personal Experience With 28 Consecutive Cases Treated at the University of Washington Hospitals to and Journal of Urology, Online publication date: J (2018) Surgical Treatment of Exstrophy of The Bladder With Emphasis on Neonatal Primary Closure: Personal Experience With 28 Consecutive Cases Treated at the University of Washington Hospitals to and of Urology, VOL. NO. 1, Online publication date: Stec A, R, L, H, E and Gearhart J (2002) Classic bladder exstrophy in a a VOL. NO. 2, Online publication date: K complex A review of Journal of Medical Genetics, VOL. NO. 4, Online publication date: M . Sorantin E Epispadias-Exstrophy Complex Pediatric Uroradiology, . Sorantin E Epispadias-Exstrophy Complex Pediatric Uroradiology, . I, G, H, F and Cendron J A rare complex bladder exstrophy VOL. NO. 3, Online publication date: C, Rowe T, S and L associated with bladder exstrophy: Surgical management and Journal of Medicine, VOL. 9, NO. 2, Online publication date: W, GEARHART J and R Dysfunction in With Genital to of the American of & Adolescent VOL. 38, NO. 7, Online publication date: Grady R, M and Mitchell M Complete primary of bladder of VOL. 26, NO. 1, Online publication date: Shapiro E, R, Gearhart J and H in Bladder Exstrophy The . P, Y, GEARHART J, K, C, K and M THE DIAGNOSIS OF CLOACAL Journal of Urology, Online publication date: P, Y, GEARHART J, K, C, K and M (2018) THE DIAGNOSIS OF CLOACAL of Urology, VOL. NO. 3 Part 2, Online publication date: F and P (2018) THE COMPLEX IN THE of Urology, VOL. NO. 5, Online publication date: R caudal in the VOL. NO. 2, Online publication date: K, J and A Case Report and of the VOL. NO. 6, Online publication date: S and S bladder Journal, VOL. 8, NO. 2, Online publication date: S, L and F Anatomical of a common for epispadias and bladder or cloacal de de des and VOL. NO. 1, Online publication date: C and Management of and Epispadias Penile . B, C and Gearhart J of a of Bladder Exstrophy in the Journal of Urology, Online publication date: B, C and Gearhart J (2018) of a of Bladder Exstrophy in the of Urology, VOL. NO. Online publication date: S, N, R and M the of cloacal exstrophyJournal of Pediatric Surgery, VOL. 31, NO. 6, Online publication date: N, J, L, L, D, J, H and E malformation and cloacal exstrophy: A Journal of Medical Genetics, VOL. 61, NO. 1, Online publication date: J, S, R and Gearhart J (2018) Bladder Exstrophy into of the of Medicine, VOL. NO. 1, Online publication date: D and P Male Journal of Urology, Online publication date: D and P (2018) Male of Urology, VOL. NO. 6, Online publication date: T, de T, M, N and van J Covered exstrophy associated with an malformation: A rare of bladder Surgery VOL. 9, NO. Online publication date: P, A, G, B, P and J (2018) A to the in Bladder and Cloacal Exstrophy of Urology, VOL. NO. 1, Online publication date: J, D and L A case of a cloacal with a VOL. NO. 2, Online publication date: Pang D Agenesis and Caudal Spinal Cord VOL. NO. 5, Online publication date: Pang D Agenesis and Caudal Spinal Cord VOL. NO. 5, Online publication date: J, P, K, D, L and E of in of and after bladder exstrophy VOL. NO. 5, Online publication date: H, F and S Exstrophy of the in a of in Journal of Medical Genetics, VOL. 45, NO. 6, Online publication date: Mitchell W, D and A VOL. NO. 2, Online publication date: J, B, R, C, A, R and B Cloacal exstrophy: of the cloacal of Pediatric Surgery, VOL. 27, NO. 10, Online publication date: G, M and R Penile in bladder exstrophy: with of pelvic of Pediatric Surgery, VOL. 26, NO. 2, Online publication date: G Penile Journal of Surgery, VOL. 44, NO. 2, . D, G, B and S and with bladder exstrophyJournal of Pediatric Surgery, VOL. NO. 3, Online publication date: T and G with the VOL. 10, NO. 1, Online publication date: M and E der with for VOL. NO. 1, Online publication date: J, R, Rink R and Mitchell M (2018) of Cloacal Exstrophy in the Using the of Urology, VOL. NO. 5, Online publication date: B, D and Muecke E Exstrophy of Evolution of VOL. 26, NO. 4, Online publication date: B, D and Muecke E with VOL. 26, NO. 3, Online publication date: A (2018) of Urology, VOL. NO. 2, Online publication date: E, R, Gearhart J and H (2018) in Bladder Exstrophy: Insights Surgical of Urology, VOL. NO. 2, Online publication date: M and of male Journal of Urology, VOL. 2, NO. 4, Online publication date: R, A and J Cloacal VOL. 23, NO. 3, Online publication date: C, D and J Pediatric in VOL. 17, NO. 4, Online publication date: M Embryology of the Male of VOL. 8, NO. 3, Online publication date: G, H, B, J and B on of and of Urogenital Pediatric . C Embryology of the Male in Surgery, VOL. 7, NO. 2, Online publication date: W and J Genital Reconstruction of of the Surgery of the Male . (2018) by of Urology, VOL. NO. 5, Online publication date: K (2018) of Urology, VOL. NO. 5, Online publication date: J (2018) Surgical Treatment of Exstrophy of the Bladder with Emphasis on Neonatal Primary Closure: Personal Experience with 28 Consecutive Cases Treated at the University of Washington Hospitals to and of Urology, VOL. NO. 5, Online publication date: M and R of VOL. 5, NO. 1, Online publication date: R Exstrophy and Cloacal of VOL. 5, NO. 1, Online publication date: J of VOL. 5, NO. 1, Online publication date: F Embryology of the Genitourinary of VOL. 5, NO. 1, Online publication date: P, G and A (2018) Journal, VOL. 44, NO. 3, Online publication date: J, R, A and J (2018) of and Associated of Urology, VOL. NO. 6, Online publication date: P and R EXSTROPHY OF THE of VOL. NO. 1, Online publication date: R, J, H and J (2018) Cloacal Exstrophy: of of Urology, VOL. NO. 6, Online publication date: E and G embryology for VOL. 6, NO. 2, Online publication date: J (2018) The Genital Aspects of ExstrophyJournal of Urology, VOL. NO. 5, Online publication date: S and D Surgical Embryology of the Exstrophy-Epispadias of VOL. NO. 6, Online publication date: W, and R (2018) Cloacal Exstrophy with the for of Urology, VOL. NO. 6, Online publication date: H (2018) A of of Urology, VOL. NO. 2, Online publication date: S, T and S Journal of Pediatrics, VOL. 38, NO. 8, Online publication date: J, G, O and J (2018) Exstrophy of the of Urology, VOL. NO. 4, Online publication date: and Muecke E (2018) of Exstrophy of the of Urology, VOL. NO. 1, Online publication date: W and H A EXSTROPHY OF THE Journal of Urology, VOL. NO. 2, Online publication date: M and L vesical American Journal of Surgery, VOL. NO. 3, Online publication date: II H and W OF OF THE Journal of Urology, VOL. 39, NO. 6, Online publication date: B (2018) to Congenital of Urology, VOL. 96, NO. 3, Online publication date: & 1964 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Edward C. Muecke by All