The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · 2015 · 118 citations · 47 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceElectrochemistryNanomaterialsNanotechnologyBattery MaterialsElectrochemical CellsElectrochemical Energy StorageElectrode KineticsElectrode MaterialsNanotubesDischarge ProcessesElectrode InterfacesKinetics Of Oxygen ReductionNanostructured Electrode MaterialsOxygen Reduction ReactionOxygen Reduction Reaction KineticsSodium-ion BatteriesSodium-ion Battery Electrodes
Understanding the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics in the presence of Na ions and the formation mechanism of discharge product(s) is key to enhancing Na-O2 battery performance. Here we show NaO2 as the only discharge product from Na-O2 cells with carbon nanotubes in 1,2-dimethoxyethane from X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Sodium peroxide dihydrate was not detected in the discharged electrode with up to 6000 ppm of H2O added to the electrolyte, but it was detected with ambient air exposure. In addition, we show that the sizes and distributions of NaO2 can be highly dependent on the discharge rate, and we discuss the formation mechanisms responsible for this rate dependence. Micron-sized (∼500 nm) and nanometer-scale (∼50 nm) cubes were found on the top and bottom of a carbon nanotube (CNT) carpet electrode and along CNT sidewalls at 10 mA/g, while only micron-scale cubes (∼2 μm) were found on the top and bottom of the CNT carpet at 1000 mA/g, respectively.
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Li–O2 and Li–S batteries with high energy storage
Peter G. Bruce, Stefan A. Freunberger, Laurence J. Hardwick et al. · Nature Materials · 2011 · 9.4K citations
Natural Sciences, Materials Engineering, Materials Science +16
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