<i>Measurements of Respiratory Responses and Work Efficiency of Underwater Swimmers Utilizing Improved Instrumentation</i>

Abstract

Instrumentation for making work efficiency and respiratory measurements on underwater swimmers is described. Data presented on the drag resistance and metabolic requirements in underwater swimming indicate that fin swimming is highly inefficient. Moderate changes in swimming style produce a marked effect in performance. Most ventilatory parameters measured appear to be significantly higher in underwater swimming than for comparable exercise levels in air. No elevation in inspired CO2 was noted with the type of equipment used, even after several 20-minute tests. Submitted on August 20, 1956