In vitro clonal propagation of banyan (Ficus benghalensis L.) through axillary bud culture

Abstract

In most of the tropical regions including Bangladesh, there is an urgent need to protect the existing forest cover from further deterioration and enhance reforestation. Induction of forest trees could slow the daily rate of denudation in these areas. The application of tissue culture methods offers new prospects for the rapid multiplication of many plants. In recent years, studies on in vitro propagation of woody plants have shown that these techniques may be a solution for rapid propagation of selected forest trees (Bonga & Durzan, 1987; Ahuja, 1991). However, woody plants have been found to be in general recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration. Banyan (Ficus benghalensis L.), belongs to the family Moraceae, is a woody plant with long life span and attains large dimensions. Its leafy crown sometimes attains a circumference of 1000-2000 feet. It is evergreen except in dry localities where it is leafless for a short time. The tree occurs throughout the forest tracks of India and sub-Himalayan region. The wood of banyan is durable under water and used for well curbs. Stronger and more elastic aerial roots are used for tent poles, cart yokes, carrying shafts etc. Various parts of the plants are considered medicinal (Sharma, 1997). Seeds of this plant do not germinate directly on soil until they pass through the digestive system of the bird. Generally the fruits are eaten by the birds and the seeds are excreted along with faeces and these seeds usually grow on the old walls, cracks of the building and pockets of trees. So propagation of this tree through seed germination is complicated and is beyond our control. Keeping in view these facts, an attempt was made to develop in vitro regeneration system of this giant tree.