Growth standard charts for Japanese children with mean and standard deviation (SD) values based on the year 2000 national survey

Abstract

Growth charts are essential and universally used for evaluating growth and development of children in both clinical settings and in public health examinations (1, 2). We previously reported the growth standards for Japanese children with percentile values based on the year 2000 national survey data (3), which were established by the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method (4). These standards have been widely used mainly in public health examinations. In clinical practices, Japanese physicians preferably assess growth with standard deviation (SD) scores, because many physicians feel that percentiles are not suitable for monitoring children with extreme growth retardation. Considering this, we created practical growth charts with mean and SD values, based on the criteria of the national medical aid program for specific pediatric chronic diseases by using the eye-fitting method (5). Although these charts have been widely used in clinical settings, they do not reflect the correct distributions of height and weight for Japanese children, especially the weight chart. Weight is not usually distributed normatively, but the practical weight chart was made with the assumption of a normal distribution. To this end, we saw the need for growth standards that can be used appropriately both for clinical and public health purposes. Therefore, we reanalyzed the previously reported growth standard charts with percentile values (3) and constructed the growth standards with mean and SD values for Japanese children, which would be applicable not only for clinical practices but also for public health examinations.