Correlation of serum lactate dehydrogenase and pregnancy induced hypertension with its adverse outcomes

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a global problem with a 5-15% incidence rate in India and complicating 10-17% of all pregnancies. The complications of PIH are responsible for significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and are the third leading cause of pregnancy related death. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serves as indicators suggestive of disturbance of cellular integrity induced by pathological conditions and is used to detect cell damage or cell death. The main objective was to assess significance of the value of serum LDH as a marker of PIH and its severity.Methods: Serum LDH was analyzed by modified UV Kinetic IFCC method. This study was conducted from February 2014 to June 2015 and all the patients admitted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology and biochemistry, at the GMERS medical college, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India.Results: Total 110 cases were studied during the study period, 40 were normal pregnant women and remaining 70 were PIH cases. Out of the 70 PIH cases, 15 (21.5%) were mild preecclampsia, 35 (50.0%) were severe preeclampsia and 20 (28.5%) were eclampsia. Maternal mortality occurred in 06 cases (8.5%). Perinatal mortality was seen in 28 (40.0%), Out of these, 20 (71.4%) were stillbirth and 08 (28.6%) were neonatal deaths. There is significant rise in the LDH levels with the increasing severity of the disease (172.37±28.09) normotensive, (356.33±24.47) mild preeclampsia, (609.91±136.92) severe preeclampsia and (854.05±247.45), eclampsia (P<0.0001). Perinatal deaths occurred in 28 cases, out of these 06 (21.5%) had LDH levels <600 IU/l, 8 (28.5%) had LDH levels between 600-800 IU/l and 14 (50%) had LDH levels >800 IU/l.Conclusions: Serum LDH showed significant association with severity of disease and maternal and fetal complications in patients with preclampsia-eclamapsia.