Recent Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid and Its Derivatives

TLDR

Catalytic synthesis of value‑added chemicals from renewable biomass offers a way to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and 2,5‑furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has emerged as a promising terephthalic‑acid substitute, prompting extensive research into its catalytic production. This review surveys concise, up‑to‑date one‑pot methods for converting HMF or carbohydrates into FDCA, emphasizing catalytic systems, mechanistic insight, reaction pathways, and catalyst stability. It also discusses one‑pot oxidative conversion of carbohydrates to FDCA and the synthesis of FDCA derivatives, highlighting the underlying reaction mechanisms and catalyst performance. The chemistry outlined is expected to guide researchers in developing effective, economical, and environmentally friendly catalysts for large‑scale FDCA production.

Abstract

Catalytic synthesis of value-added chemicals from renewable biomass or biomass-derived platform chemicals is an important way to reduce current dependence on fossil-fuel resources. In recent years, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has received significant attention due to its wide application in many fields, particularly as a substitute of petrochemical-derived terephthalic acid in the synthesis of useful polymers. Therefore, much effort has been devoted to the catalytic synthesis of FDCA. In this critical review, we will provide an overview of concise and up-to-date methods for the synthesis of FDCA from HMF oxidation or directly from carbohydrates by one-pot reaction, giving special attention to catalytic systems, mechanistic insight, reaction pathway, and catalyst stability. In addition, the one-pot oxidative conversion of carbohydrates into FDCA and the one-pot synthesis of FDCA derivatives are also discussed. It is anticipated that the chemistry detailed in this review will guide researchers to develop effective catalysts for the economical and environmentally friendly synthesis of FDCA in large-scale.