Oral squamous cell carcinoma: A 5 years institutional study

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major contributor to disability and death caused by malignant tumors. While of global relevance, variations in social, cultural, and geographic factors affect tumor behavior and response to treatment. In this study, we undertake a 5 years institutional review and analysis of OSCC cases in the south Indian setting. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 145 histologically diagnosed cases of OSCC seen between the years 2001 and 2006 in Davangere Dental Colleges, Karnataka, India. Results: The total number of the patients included 65 males (44.8%) and 80 females (55.2%) whose age ranged from 23 to 80 years (mean ± standard deviation; 52.86 ± 13.18 years). An incidence was highest in 40-45 and 60-65 age group. Buccal mucosa 44 (30.4%) was the most common site, followed by tongue 27 (18.6%). Most lesions (58%) were well differentiated. Patients with poorly differentiated lesions had a comparatively lower mean age than their counterparts with other histological varieties, and this was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The pattern of OSCC differs from that of previous studies in relation to incidence and age correlation with the grade of carcinoma. Since the majority of the lesions were well differentiated, there is a need for intensive oral health awareness to encourage early presentation, to cancer center, as this will further enhance prognosis.