Fluorine-Doped TiO₂ Materials: Photocatalytic Activity vs Time-Resolved Photoluminescence

Abstract

Aiming at discerning the role of fluorine from that of nitrogen as a dopant in N,F-codoped TiO2, a series of HF-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were investigated in the decomposition of formic and acetic acid in aqueous suspensions, also as a function of the irradiation wavelength (action spectra analysis), in comparison with recent results obtained with an analogous series of NH4F-doped TiO2 photocatalysts. Visible light absorption around 420 nm, which was found to be inactive in acetic acid decomposition, is definitely shown to be associated with nitrogen doping, whereas the enhanced absorption at ca. 365 nm, increasing with increasing calcination temperature, can be unambiguously attributed to structural modifications induced by fluorine doping. Action spectra analysis confirms that this absorption is active in acetic acid decomposition, in both HF- and NH4F-doped TiO2 photocatalysts. From time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analysis, a clear correlation is outlined between the photoactivity of the materials and the long-lasting component of the PL signal, which increases with the calcination temperature and is related to the formation of surface defects. Thus, fluorine doping, followed by calcination at high temperature, increases the amount of surface traps originating the long-lasting PL signal, which are beneficial in photoactivity by ensuring long-living photoproduced charge couples.