NMR Detection of NH···OC Hydrogen Bonds in ¹³C,¹⁵N-Labeled Nucleic Acids

Abstract

We describe the first direct observation of NH···OC hydrogen bonding in nucleic acids via the four-bond 4hJNiNj coupling within an N1iH1i···O6jC6j−N1j segment of a G·G·G·G tetrad. The experiment, two-dimensional (2D) HN(N)-TOCSY, makes use of band-selective 15N isotropic mixing to transfer magnetization exclusively via the 4hJNN couplings to yield correlations between N1Hi(ω2) and N1j(ω1) across the hydrogen-bonded segment. In a complementary experiment, 2D cross-polarization (CP)-H(N)CO−(NN)-TOCSY, employing band-selective heteronuclear 15N−13C cross-polarization sequences on either side of the 15N−15N TOCSY period, correlations are obtained between N1Hi(ω2) and C6j(ω1) nuclei across the hydrogen bond. The symmetric A2X2-type coupling topology of the four−spin nitrogen system in the G·G·G·G tetrad permits accurate measurement of these couplings by a new procedure that fits the experimental data with known analytical isotropic mixing transfer functions. The techniques are demonstrated on a G·G·G·G tetrad formed within a novel dimeric quadruplex fold of a uniformly 13C/15N-labeled d(G-G-G-T-T-C-A-G-G) DNA sequence. The value of the 4hJNN coupling constant for this system is estimated to be 0.136 ± 0.021 Hz.