Building Damage Observations and EF Classifications from the Tuscaloosa, AL, and Joplin, MO, Tornadoes

Abstract

The year 2011 was one of the deadliest tornado seasons on record. As of August a total of 1543 tornadoes had been confirmed by the NWS and 2011 is on pace to becoming the most active years to date (NOAA 2011). Contained within this total are two of the most violent and costly tornadoes on record; one striking Tuscaloosa, AL on April 27th and the other Joplin, MO on May 22nd. Both were part of much larger storm systems that spawned numerous other tornadoes across these regions. The authors formed a team after each storm and conducted investigations of the damage with intent of gathering perishable data of damaged structures, paying particular attention to wood-frame residential homes. By looking at the nature of the damage, recommendations can be made to change construction practices and implement structural retrofits to reduce damage and fatalities.