Pressure-Dependent Formation and Decomposition of Thiourea Hydrates

Abstract

High pressure can favor the formation of either thiourea hydrates or anhydrates. Above 0.60 GPa thiourea crystallizes as monohydrate (NH 2 ) 2 CS·H 2 O, while only anhydrous thiourea is obtained from aqueous solution at normal conditions. At 0.70 GPa another hydrate, 3(NH 2 ) 2 CS·2H 2 O, is formed, but above 1.20 GPa anhydrous thiourea becomes stable again. The single crystals of both hydrates were grown in situ in a diamond-anvil cell and their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. The structural factors favoring the formation of hydrates above 0.6 GPa involve new types of hydrogen bonds to water molecules and the more efficient molecular packing. The crystallization of thiourea anhydrate above 1.20 GPa coincides with the stability region of ice VI.