Characteristic Indocyanine Green Lymphography Findings in Lower Extremity Lymphedema: The Generation of a Novel Lymphedema Severity Staging System Using Dermal Backflow Patterns

Abstract

Indocyanine green lymphography is a safe, minimally invasive, and useful tool for the surgical evaluation of extremity lymphedema. Characteristic indocyanine green lymphography patterns are consistent and correlate with clinical severity. The dermal backflow staging system can facilitate patient stratification, discussion between referring parties, and surgical planning.