Investigation of Two-Solvent Grinding-Assisted Liquid Phase Exfoliation of Layered MoS₂

Abstract

Grinding-assisted sonication exfoliation of stratified materials such as MoS2 is a widely used method for the preparation of their single- and few-layer thick flakes. This work introduces a two-solvent step approach utilizing a separate solvent during the grinding phase, while implementing ethanol during exfoliation. It is found that the grinding solvent played a critical role, determining exfoliation yield, flake dimensions, and morphology, highlighting the importance of such parameters in the process. Furthermore, it is found that the commonly used N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) leads to persistent residues on the exfoliated flakes, which may alter the properties of the flakes and interfere with the development of electronic devices and other applications. A solvent residue free exfoliation method is presented herein, which may be advantageous for future studies.