A 0.65-to-10.5 Gb/s Reference-Less CDR With Asynchronous Baud-Rate Sampling for Frequency Acquisition and Adaptive Equalization

Abstract

This paper presents a continuous-rate reference-less clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit with an asynchronous baud-rate sampling to achieve an adaptive equalization as well as a data rate acquisition. The proposed scheme also enables the use of a successive approximation register (SAR) based approach in the frequency acquisition and results in a fast coarse lock process. The CDR guarantees a robust operation of a fine locking even in the presence of large input data jitter due to the adaptive equalization and a jitter-tolerable rotation frequency detector (RFD) that eliminates a dead-zone problem with a simple circuitry. The fabricated CDR in 65 nm CMOS shows a wide lock range of 0.65-to-10.5 Gb/s at a bit error rate (BER) of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-12}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . The CDR consumes 26 mW from a single supply voltage of 1 V at 10 Gb/s including the power consumption for equalizer. By an adaptive current bias control, the power consumption is also linearly scaled down with the data rate, exhibiting a slope of about 2 mW decrease per Gb/s.