Dynamically Tracking the Strain Across the Metal–Insulator Transition in VO₂ Measured Using Electromechanical Resonators

Abstract

We study the strain state of doubly clamped VO2 nanobeam devices by dynamically probing resonant frequency of the nanoscale electromechanical device across the metal–insulator transition. Simultaneous resistance and resonance measurements indicate M1–M2 phase transition in the insulating state with a drop in resonant frequency concomitant with an increase in resistance. The resonant frequency increases by ∼7 MHz with the growth of metallic domain (M2–R transition) due to the development of tensile strain in the nanobeam. Our approach to dynamically track strain coupled with simultaneous resistance and resonance measurements using electromechanical resonators enables the study of lattice-involved interactions more precisely than static strain measurements. This technique can be extended to other phase change systems important for device applications.