Solar Thermochemical CO₂ Splitting Utilizing a Reticulated Porous Ceria Redox System

Abstract

A solar cavity-receiver containing a reticulated porous ceramic (RPC) foam made of pure CeO 2 has been experimentally investigated for CO 2 splitting via thermochemical redox reactions. The RPC was directly exposed to concentrated thermal radiation at mean solar flux concentration ratios of up to 3015 suns. During the endothermic reduction step, solar radiative power inputs in the range 2.8–3.8 kW and nominal reactor temperatures from 1400 to 1600 °C yielded CeO 2−δ with oxygen deficiency δ ranging between 0.016 and 0.042. In the subsequent exothermic oxidation step at below about 1000 °C, CeO 2−δ was stoichiometrically reoxidized with CO 2 to generate CO. The solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency, defined as the ratio of the calorific value of CO (fuel) produced to the solar radiative energy input through the reactor’s aperture and the energy penalty for using inert gas, was 1.73% average and 3.53% peak. This is roughly four times greater than the next highest reported values to date for a solar-driven device. The fuel yield per cycle was increased by nearly 17 times compared to that obtained with optically thick ceria felt because of the deeper penetration and volumetric absorption of high-flux solar irradiation.