Variation of betaine, <i>N,N-</i>dimethylglycine, choline, glycerophosphorylcholine, taurine and trimethylamine-<i>N</i>-oxide in the plasma and urine of overweight people with type 2 diabetes over a two-year period

Abstract

Betaine is highly individual in overweight people with diabetes. Betaine, its metabolite DMG, and precursor choline showed more reliability than the osmolytes, GPC and taurine. The low reliability of TMAO suggests that a single TMAO measurement has low diagnostic value.