Dehydrative C–H/N–OH Functionalizations in H₂O by Ruthenium(II) Catalysis: Subtle Effect of Carboxylate Ligands and Mechanistic Insight

Abstract

A ruthenium(II) complex derived from the electron-deficient aromatic carboxylic acid 3-(F3C)C6H4CO2H proved to be a highly efficient catalyst for dehydrative alkyne annulation by NH-free hydroxamic acids in water. The C-H/N-OH functionalization occurred with excellent positional selectivity as well as ample substrate scope, setting the stage for effective intermolecular alkenylations of hydroxamic acids. Detailed mechanistic studies were suggestive of a kinetically relevant C-H metalation by carboxylate assistance along with subsequent migratory alkyne insertion, reductive elimination, and intramolecular oxidative addition.