Can C4d Immunostaining on Endomyocardial Biopsies Be Considered a Prognostic Biomarker in Heart Transplant Recipients?

Abstract

Antibody-mediated rejection is a complex and ongoing phenomenon with different phenotypic features. C4d positive predicts worse prognosis. C4d positive [corrected] and DSA can be used as early mortality predictors in patients without signs of graft dysfunction.