Synthesis of Tin Oxide Nanostructures Using Hydrothermal Method and Optimization of its Crystal size by Using Statistical Design of Experiment

Abstract

This paper studies the effects of varying hydrothermal synthesis conditions (precursor concentration, reaction temperature and reaction duration) on the crystallite size of as-prepared tin oxide (SnO2) nanostructures.The level of sensitivity of the synthesis parameters towards response and the optimization of the response were determined by applying statistical design of experiment (DOE). Based on cube plot, it can be summarized that the nanostructures with smallest crystal size (7.88 nm) can be obtained when precursor concentration was 0.16 M, treatment temperature was 120 °C with12 hour reaction time. On the other hand, the largest crystal size (18.41 nm)can be obtained at temperature of 180 °C using 0.12 M and 12 hour reaction time. From perturbation analysis with DOE, it was found that reaction temperature gave the most significant effect to the crystal size of SnO2 nanostructures.