Evaluation of Various Types of Permeable Pavement with Respect to Water Quality Improvement and Flood Control

Abstract

In North Carolina and several other U.S. states, all permeable pavements are currently considered to have similar capabilities in reducing runoff, but are not credited with improving water quality. Previous research conducted by the North Carolina State University on one particular permeable pavement type has shown that when compared to runoff from an adjoining asphalt lot, permeable pavement exfiltrate contained significantly lower concentrations of phosphorous and zinc, as well as reductions in total nitrogen. To further test various permeable pavement designs, a parking lot consisting of four different types of permeable pavements and standard asphalt was constructed in Kinston, NC. The permeable pavement sections consist of porous concrete (PC), permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP) with 8.5 % void space, PICP with 12.9 % void space, and concrete grid pavers (CGP), each covering a 1200 sq. ft. area with a 10 in. gravel storage layer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of each pavement type on water quality and runoff reduction. Conclusions on the difference in reduction between each pavement type have not previously been determined. Site analyses on every rainfall event began in March, 2006, and will continue for one year. Preliminary results indicate significant peak flow and volume reductions in all permeable pavement exfiltrates. Additionally, there has been little to no runoff observed from any of the pervious sections. As a result of the Kinston study, it is expected that the state of North Carolina will be able to make an informed judgment on how much pollutant removal credit permeable pavements should receive when implemented as stormwater best management practices. Also, this study can be used to determine whether or not stormwater credit should vary based on pavement type.