The construction of excess and sufficiency from a crosslinguistic perspective

Abstract

Abstract The concepts of excess (`too') and sufficiency (`enough') and their expressions are studied crosslinguistically. An examination of these concepts across 59 languages shows that a distinction must be made between dedicated marking of excess and sufficiency and contextually determined interpretations of other meanings (including various degree meanings). It is argued that the concepts of excess and sufficiency are inherently associated with the concept of goal-directedness. This is reflected in the way these concepts are encoded and used across languages and in the difference between the construction of excess and sufficiency and resultative degree constructions.