Heterotopic ossificans in chronic venous insufficiency: a new consideration for clinical, aetiology, anatomy and pathophysiology staging

Abstract

Our discussion focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up and management of heterotopic ossification in the setting of chronic venous insufficiency. We propose that heterotopic ossification be included in any future modifications of the clinical, aetiology, anatomy and pathophysiology system classification as a complication of chronic venous disease.