Occupation and Lifestyle: Implications for Mental Health Practice

Abstract

Occupation is central to the concept of occupational therapy. However, the definition and use of the term occupation have been through many stages. This paper considers some of these stages. It then discusses the role of lifestyle and the emergence of what has become known as lifestyle medicine. Lifestyle is an important area for occupational therapy to explore because it influences both the individual's perception and his or her experience of health. The suggestion is made that lifestyle provides both occupational form and occupational performance. Occupational synthesis can be achieved through the use of a therapeutic intervention promoting lifestyle change. Research evidence is presented relating to two specific lifestyle factors, caffeine and general fluid intake, examining their potential effect on mental health. Case studies demonstrate how a lifestyle approach can provide a beneficial early intervention strategy. The discussion resulting from the case studies illustrates how the approach can be used in a number of different ways to influence the outcome of therapeutic interventions positively.