Catalytic degradation of methylene blue by biosynthesised copper nanoflowers using <i>F. benghalensis</i> leaf extract

Abstract

This study reports the unprecedented, novel and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) copper nanostructure having flower like morphology using leaf extract of <i>Ficus benghalensis</i>. The catalytic activity of copper nanoflowers (CuNFs) was investigated against methylene blue (MB) used as a modal dye pollutant. Scanning electron micrograph evidently designated 3D appearance of nanoflowers within a size range from 250 nm to 2.5 μm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra showed the presence of copper elements in the nanoflowers. Fourier-transform infrared spectra clearly demonstrated the presence of biomolecules which is responsible for the synthesis of CuNFs. The catalytic activity of the synthesised CuNFs was monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The MB was degraded by 72% in 85 min on addition of CuNFs and the rate constant (<i>k</i>) was found to be 0.77 × 10^-3 s^-1. This method adapted for synthesis of CuNFs offers a valuable contribution in the area of nanomaterial synthesis and in water research by suggesting a sustainable and an alternative route for removal of toxic solvents and waste materials.