<i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> Biofilms Induce Apoptosis and Expression of Interferon-γ, Interleukin-10, and Interleukin-17A on Human Sinonasal Explants

Abstract

S. aureus biofilms induced apoptosis and a predominant proinflammatory immune response on normal sinonasal mucosal explants. This immune response appeared to be triggered by intrinsic bacterial elements but also by components of the biofilm matrix. Live biofilms were present on the mucosa at the end of the challenge, suggesting an inability of the induced immune response to eliminate the S. aureus biofilms.