The F/A-18 High-Angle-of- Attack Ground-to-Flight Correlation: Lessons Learned

Abstract

Detailed wind tunnel and flight investigations were performed on the F/A-18 configuration to explore the causes of many high-angle-of-attack phenomena and resulting disparities between wind tunnel and flight results at these conditions. Obtaining accurate predictions of full-scale flight aerodynamics from wind-tunnel tests is important and becomes a challenge at high-angle-of-attack conditions where large areas of vortical flow interact. The F/A-18 airplane was one of the first high-performance aircraft to have an unrestricted angle-of-attack envelope, and as such the configuration displayed many unanticipated characteristics. Results indicate that fixing forebody crossflow transition on models can result in a more accurate match of flow fields, and thus a more accurate prediction of aerodynamic characteristics of flight at high angles of attack. The wind tunnel results show that small geometry differences, specifically nosebooms and aft-end distortion, can have a pronounced effect at high angles of attack and must be modeled in sub-scale tests in order to obtain accurate correlations with flight.