Fault-tolerant multi-path routing protocol for WSN based on HEED

Abstract

To solve the network performance deterioration caused by network nodes failure according to unexpected and unforeseen environmental changes in wireless sensor network (WSN), a high fault-tolerant and energy-efficient multipath routing protocol based on the idea of hybrid, energy-efficient distributed (HEED) clustering protocol, called HEED fault tolerant (HEED-FT) is proposed in this paper. To improve the routing reliability and energy balance between cluster heads, the HEED-FT algorithm first introduces the non-probability waiting time, residue energy and centres to improve the cluster lifetime. Then multiple clustering parameters are applied with different hierarchy which can control the ideal topology distribution of the cluster heads. Finally, a multiple trees Gabriel graph (MTGG) model is put forward to get a reliable communication link with multiple clustering parameters which can ensure the nodes in an ideal cluster topology distribution. The simulation results show that HEED-FT has less energy consumption, higher reliability and longer network survival than the traditional algorithms.