Analysis of slow transitions between nonequilibrium steady states

Abstract

Transitions between nonequilibrium steady states obey a generalized Clausius\ninequality, which becomes an equality in the quasistatic limit. For slow but\nfinite transitions, we show that the behavior of the system is described by a\nresponse matrix whose elements are given by a far-from-equilibrium Green-Kubo\nformula, involving the decay of correlations evaluated in the nonequilibrium\nsteady state. This result leads to a fluctuation-dissipation relation between\nthe mean and variance of the nonadiabatic entropy production, $\\Delta s_{\\rm\nna}$. Furthermore, our results extend -- to nonequilibrium steady states -- the\nthermodynamic metric structure introduced by Sivak and Crooks for analyzing\nminimal-dissipation protocols for transitions between equilibrium states.\n