Incidence and predictors of clinically relevant cardiac perforation associated with systematic implantation of active-fixation pacing and defibrillation leads: a single-centre experience with over 3800 implanted leads

Abstract

Implantation of active-fixation leads is associated with a low incidence of clinically relevant cardiac perforation. Older and female patients have a higher risk of perforation as well as those patients receiving the ventricular lead in an apical position.