Preserving Biodiversity: Species, Ecosystems, or Landscapes?

TLDR

Biodiversity conservation must shift focus to ecosystems because most species are unknown and ecosystem processes and habitats are poorly understood, while species-level concerns and landscape-scale issues also remain critical. The study aims to design an appropriate system of habitat reserves at the landscape level.

Abstract

Efforts to preserve biological diversity must focus increasingly at the ecosystem level because of the immense number of species, the majority of which are currently unknown. An ecosystem approach is also the only way to conserve processes and habitats (such as forest canopies, belowground habitats, and hyporheic zones) that, with their constituent species, are poorly known. Continued concern with species is essential, however. Landscape—level issues also need much greater attention. Designing an appropriate system of habitat reserves is one landscape—level concern. Understanding and appropriately manipulating the landscape matrix is at least equal in importance to reserves issues, however, since the matrix itself is important in maintaining diversity, influences the effectiveness of reserves, and controls landscape connectivity.