Investigation of Mn-doped sodium-potassium niobate ((K,Na)NbO ₃ ) ceramics by EPR and impedance spectroscopic methods

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe effects of Mn-doping on the conductivity and the oxidation state were investigated for (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics with stoichiometric, and 2 mol % A-site and B-site excess compositions. From electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and impedance spectroscopy we found that Mn is located at the Nb-site with the oxidation state 2+ and, due to the generation of oxygen vacancies, Mn-doping reduces the conductivity in (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics.